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#+TITLE: Emacs init
#+PROPERTY: tangle init2.el
#+STARTUP: showall
#+OPTIONS: author:nil num:nil toc:nil
#+MACRO: key @@html:<kbd>$1</kbd>@@@@ascii:`$1'@@
#+HTML_HEAD: <link href="https://ryuslash.org/org.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
* About this file
#+INCLUDE: "org/intro.org" :minlevel 2
* Use lexical binding
For some of these functions, and general coolness, lexical binding
is a must. Without it, closures cannot be made.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :padline no
;; -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
#+END_SRC
* Some general-purpose functions and macros
A configuration as big as mine is bound to have some functions and
macros that are used in many places.
** Turn off
This macro creates a function that will turn off a minor mode that
passed to it.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defmacro turn-off (func)
"Create a function that will turn off FUNC when called."
`(lambda () (eval (,func -1))))
#+END_SRC
** Change setting
Sometimes a mode just needs to change a certain setting to a
specific value.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defmacro change-settings (&rest settings)
"Create a function that changes the value of NAME to VALUE."
`(lambda () (setq ,@settings)))
#+END_SRC
** Whitespace only with tabs
In some modes I want to see the tabs in a buffer. Though I don't
want to be overwhelmed by seeing all spaces and line endings.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar whitespace-style)
(defun oni:whitespace-only-tabs ()
(setq-local whitespace-style '(face tabs))
(whitespace-mode))
#+END_SRC
** Eval after init
Some things can only really work after all other initialization
functions have completed. For example, any functions that require
any ELPA packages to be loaded, unless you want to load it in your
init manually (and have it loaded again later on after your config
has run).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defmacro oni:eval-after-init (&rest body)
"Defer execution of BODY until after Emacs init."
(declare (indent 0))
`(add-hook 'emacs-startup-hook #'(lambda () ,@body)))
#+END_SRC
* Set some personal information
This information is used by some emacs commands and modules to make
your life easier.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq user-full-name "Tom Willemse"
user-mail-address "tom@ryuslash.org")
#+END_SRC
* Clean up some UI elements
Some elements are only really useful if you use the mouse. Which I
don't, not if I can help it. Only when browsing the web or using the
odd graphical application do I touch the mouse, and even then as
little as I can.
** Menu bar
The menu bar is one of the UI elements which work best with mouses.
Sure you can change your toolkit's key bindings to allow you to
more easily navigate, but {{{key(M-x)}}} or {{{key(M-`)}}}[fn:1]
are easier if you don't use the mouse. Long story short: It has got
to go.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(menu-bar-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Tool bar
The toolbar is another such thing, and it takes up quite a bit more
space too. Icons can look pretty cool, but in the end if you're not
going to click them they don't really server much of a purpose.
Again: It has got to go.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(tool-bar-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Blinking cursor
I suppose a blinking cursor doesn't get lost very easily. But on
the other hand, it can induce quite a few more headaches.
I've noticed that I don't really lose my cursor position all that
much, really, so there doesn't seem to be any point in making it
blink. Here we go again: It has got to go.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(blink-cursor-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Line numbers
As I'm currently using svg-mode-line-themes[fn:2] for my ~mode-line~ I
don't need to show these. Also I didn't really use them much, I
don't often need to know what line I'm on.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(line-number-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Tooltips
Tooltips are another one of those UI elements that aren't quite
keyboard-friendly. As usually this information is shown just as well
in the echo area, this is not necessary.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(tooltip-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
** Cursor type
I prefer using a bar as a cursor, as opposed to a box. Using a bar
is a better way of representing the location of the cursor, in my
opinion.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default cursor-type 'bar)
#+END_SRC
** Cursors in inactive windows
I use a bar cursor that's already pretty thin, so having an even
thinner one in inactive windows is not very clear. Even when I
was using a box cursor I didn't like seeing a hollow box everywhere
my focus /wasn't/.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default cursor-in-non-selected-windows nil)
#+END_SRC
** Long lines
Sometimes, very long lines can't help but show up in code. The
default of wrapping lines around to the next line and showing an
image in the fringe is very visually disturbing to me when looking
at code[fn:3]. So I prefer to have it just run off the screen.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default truncate-lines t)
#+END_SRC
** The default frame
Usually, most of these settings would be done with functions like
=set-frame-font= or =scroll-bar-mode=, but working with the Emacs
Daemon sometimes creates extra complications, because you might
start a graphical environment at some point (I usually do
immediately), but the startup process isn't.
*** Internal border
Set the internal border width to 0. This makes a small difference,
with my current setup it causes my window's width to increase from
120 to 121. Small, I know, but I'm very greedy when it comes to
screen space.
#+NAME: default-frame-internal-border
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(internal-border-width . 0)
#+END_SRC
*** A fantastic font
I've tried several fonts, and all of them were nice, but came up
short on some way. Some didn't have italic variants, some had
dotted zeroes instead of dashed zeroes, some even had entirely
clear zeroes which make them look like ~O~'s, others had
boring-looking parentheses[fn:4]. Not Fantasque Sans
Mono[fn:5][fn:6], it is awesome. If your web browser supports web
fonts you should also see it used in the code blocks here.
For normal Emacs setups you might use the =set-frame-font= function
like so:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(set-frame-font "Fantasque Sans Mono-13" nil t)
#+END_SRC
However, this doesn't work when running Emacs as a Daemon. You
could (especially with lexical binding) add an
=after-make-frame-functions= hook or something similar, but I find
it easier to just specify the font in the =default-frame-alist=.
#+NAME: default-frame-font
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(font . "Fantasque Sans Mono-13")
#+END_SRC
*** Scroll bar
The scroll-bar is almost just as informative as the current line
number and buffer position information shown in the (my) mode
line. As I don't usually need to know where I am, other than the
current line number occasionally, and I don't use the mouse, the
scroll bar doesn't add anything and only takes up space. Once
more: It has got to go.
Normally you would use something along the lines of:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(scroll-bar-mode -1)
#+END_SRC
However, this doesn't work when running Emacs as a Daemon. So
instead I specify it in the =default-frame-alist=.
#+NAME: default-frame-scroll-bar
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(vertical-scroll-bars . nil)
#+END_SRC
*** Setting the option
So I've explained the reasons for each individual setting, but to
get them to work they have to be put in the =default-frame-alist=.
Here is the final setting:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(setq default-frame-alist
`(<<default-frame-internal-border>>
<<default-frame-font>>
<<default-frame-scroll-bar>>))
#+END_SRC
** Frame title
Show the buffer name in the frame title to make multiple frames
identifiable by the buffer they're showing.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq frame-title-format '(:eval (concat "GNU Emacs: " (buffer-name))))
#+END_SRC
** Don't show dialog boxes
Unfortunately this doesn't remove /all/ dialog boxes, but at least it
keeps some of them from popping up. According to the docstring it
should only change anything for when the mouse is used, which I
don't ever do, but I still feel safer keeping this in my
configuration.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq use-dialog-box nil)
#+END_SRC
** Split windows equally
When splitting windows, give them all an equal amount of space. For
those very few time that I have more than two windows in my Emacs
frame it is much nicer to have each of them get ~33% space instead
of 50%, 25% and 25%. The way I have my desktop set-up I don't ever
split my windows horizontally.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq window-combination-resize t)
#+END_SRC
** Keep the cursor steady when scrolling
When scrolling through the buffer with, for example, {{{key(C-v)}}}
or {{{key(M-v)}}}, I find it much more intuitive to have the cursor
stay in the relative screen position from before. Otherwise I get
confused every time.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq scroll-preserve-screen-position t)
#+END_SRC
** Don't show a mode line for completions
One of the things I dislike about Emacs is its rigidity concerning
windows and other UI elements. One very simple way to make it
/feel/ less so is to show less of it where possible. A mode line for
completion buffers creates more separation than necessary, and I
can't recall a single time where I've used the completion's mode
line for anything.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'completion-list-mode-hook
(lambda () (setq mode-line-format nil)))
#+END_SRC
** Use pixels, not columns/rows to resize frames.
As of Emacs 24.4 frames can resize to pixel sizes instead of
columns and rows. This keeps annoying gaps from forming when using
a tiling window manager. The real difference is that when this is
done now, the actual text portions of the window get the extra
space, not some fringe or margin. This looks much nicer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq frame-resize-pixelwise t)
#+END_SRC
* Add org-mode appointments to the diary
Diary offers reminders, which can be useful when scheduling
appointments.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defadvice org-agenda-redo (after ext:org-agenda-redo-add-appts)
"Pressing `r' on the agenda will also add appointments."
(setq appt-time-msg-list nil)
(org-agenda-to-appt))
#+END_SRC
* Close ansi-term buffer after exit
After the ansi-term process ends it leaves a buffer. I don't use
ansi term in such a way that this has ever been useful, so just kill
the ansi-term buffer after the process quits, no matter the exit
status. Usually this comes about when I press {{{kbd(C-d)}}} at the
command prompt.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defadvice term-handle-exit (after oni:kill-buffer-after-exit activate)
"Kill the term buffer if the process finished."
(kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
#+END_SRC
* Stumpwm integration
This variable, macro and function help with integrating Emacs and
Stumpwm. They are used by some other functions to make the two seem
extra connected.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar oni:stumpish-program
(expand-file-name
"~/.local/share/quicklisp/local-projects/stumpwm/contrib/util/stumpish/stumpish")
"The location of the stumpish executable.")
(defmacro oni:stumpwm (&rest body)
"Execute BODY in stumpwm."
(declare (indent 0))
`(call-process oni:stumpish-program nil nil nil
,(format "eval '%S'" `(progn ,@body))))
(defun oni:stumpwm-command (cmd)
"Execute CMD in stumpwm."
(call-process oni:stumpish-program nil nil nil cmd))
(defun oni:stumpwm-echo (message)
(call-process oni:stumpish-program nil nil nil (format "echo %s" message)))
#+END_SRC
** Fall back on stumpwm when moving around
Using the function specified in [[Stumpwm integration]] wrap the
=windmove-do-window-select= function and catch any error produced,
hoping it's the error that there's no more window to move to and
then request that stumpwm move the focus in the same direction as
windmove would have.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defadvice windmove-do-window-select
(around oni:windmove-stumpwm activate)
"If no window can be moved to, move stumpwm."
(condition-case err
ad-do-it
(error (oni:stumpwm-command
(format "move-focus %s" (ad-get-arg 0))))))
#+END_SRC
* Don't just quit Emacs with {{{key(C-x C-c)}}} in the daemon
When working with Emacs as a daemon, which I do almost all of the
time, I prefer using {{{key(C-x C-c)}}} to close the current frame
instead of the entire session. Before this change I would
occasionally close my session by mistake.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun oni:close-client-window ()
"Close a client's frames."
(interactive)
(server-save-buffers-kill-terminal nil))
(when (daemonp)
(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-c") 'oni:close-client-window))
#+END_SRC
* Don't minimize the frame with {{{key(C-z)}}}
One of the more annoying things that can happen is accidentally
minimizing the frame you're working with. This doesn't really matter
if you're working on a normal stacking window manager, but with a
tiling window manager and no task bar this just causes the Emacs
frame to hang until it is refocused or disappear with no way to get
it back.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(when (or window-system (daemonp))
(global-unset-key (kbd "C-z")))
#+END_SRC
* Use the right dictionary
One of the caveats of using two (or more) languages in a single
installation of Gnus is that ispell sometimes gets confused. Having
come across a stackoverflow question[fn:7] about just this subject
it was easy to modify the source code posted there to come up with
this.
*Note:* See my [[Function declarations][note]] on function declarations about the use of
=declare-function=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function message-narrow-to-headers-or-head "message")
(declare-function message-fetch-field "message")
(defun oni:switch-ispell-dictionary ()
(save-excursion
(message-narrow-to-headers-or-head)
(when (string-match (rx (and "@" (or "aethon" "picturefix") ".nl>") eol)
(message-fetch-field "From"))
(ispell-change-dictionary "nl"))))
(add-hook 'message-setup-hook 'oni:switch-ispell-dictionary)
#+END_SRC
* Don't let shr use background color
Reading mail in Gnus is very nice, but shr has become a little too
good at its job. Add to this the many occasions when a background is
specified without specifying a foreground, plus a color theme that
is the inverse of what is usually expected, and you can get
hard-to-read HTML messages, gray foreground and gray background.
I've looked at the other possible renderers, but they don't look
very nice compared to shr. So just remove its ability to add
background colors.
*Note:* See my [[Function declarations][note]] on function declarations about the use of
=declare-function=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function shr-colorize-region "shr")
(defun oni:shr-colorize-remove-last-arg (args)
"If ARGS has more than 3 items, remove the last one."
(if (> (length args) 3)
(butlast args)
args))
(with-eval-after-load 'shr
(advice-add #'shr-colorize-region :filter-args
#'oni:shr-colorize-remove-last-arg))
#+END_SRC
* Optimized ~with-eval-after-load~
First offered [[http://www.lunaryorn.com/2013/05/01/byte-compiling-eval-after-load.html][here]] and then later updated [[http://www.lunaryorn.com/2013/06/25/introducing-with-eval-after-load.html][here]] (when
~with-eval-after-load~ was added). Makes for very nice on-demand
settings loading.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
;; http://www.lunaryorn.com/2013/06/25/introducing-with-eval-after-load/
(defmacro stante-after (feature &rest forms)
"After FEATURE is loaded, evaluate FORMS.
FEATURE may be an unquoted feature symbol or a file name, see
`eval-after-load'."
(declare (indent 1) (debug t))
`(,(if (or (not byte-compile-current-file)
(if (symbolp feature)
(require feature nil :noerror)
(load feature :no-message :no-error)))
`progn
(message "stante-after: cannot find %s" feature)
'with-no-warnings)
(with-eval-after-load ',feature ,@forms)))
#+END_SRC
* Remember SQL input
Remembering input between sessions is a good thing.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(stante-after sql
(setf sql-input-ring-file-name
(expand-file-name "~/.emacs.d/sqliinput")))
#+END_SRC
* Lazily load some buffers
Don't load all buffers right away. Having a lot of buffers and
switching between projects a lot can take up quite a bit of time.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar desktop-restore-eager)
(setq desktop-restore-eager 5)
#+END_SRC
* Fix some term keybindings
=ansi-term= passes along a lot of characters correctly, but things
like =forward-delete-word= are not, by default. This is confusing when
you see one thing and another is sent. Passing the correct keys
directly to the terminal fixes this problem.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
*Note:* See my [[Function declarations][note]] on function declarations about the use of
=declare-function=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar term-raw-map)
(declare-function term-send-raw-string "term")
(defun oni:set-term-keys ()
(cl-flet ((zcommand (key)
(lambda ()
(interactive) (term-send-raw-string key))))
(define-key term-raw-map
(kbd "C-<backspace>") (zcommand "\C-H"))))
(add-hook 'term-mode-hook #'oni:set-term-keys)
#+END_SRC
* Ask for a ~y~ or ~n~, not ~yes~ or ~no~.
Emacs starts out asking for you to type ~yes~ or ~no~ with most
important questions. It is possible that this is used for such
important questions where accidentally saying ~yes~ when you meant ~no~
would be catastrophic (or at least could be). However, I've never
(so far) had this problem, and I find it quite tedious to have to
write out ~yes~ or ~no~ and then press {{{kbd(RET)}}}, give me a simple
~y~ or ~n~ with no {{{kdb(RET)}}} required and I'm quite happy.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'yes-or-no-p 'y-or-n-p)
#+END_SRC
* Use =hippie-expand=, not =dabbrev-expand=
I've never actually used =dabbrev-expand=, and only rarely use
=hippie-expand= really, but since =hippie-expand= also includes a
=dabbrev= expander and a lot more than just that, it seems alright to
do this.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defalias 'dabbrev-expand 'hippie-expand)
#+END_SRC
* Setting up =load-path=
First, to help, I create a function that takes a path, adds it to
=load-path= and then checks to see if there is a file named
~loaddefs.el~ in the given path. If there is, it loads it. This
~loaddefs.el~ file is something that is created from autoload cookies
in the files in some of these paths.
Since the =load-path= is also important during byte-compilation, this
function should be defined both at run-time and compile-time.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(eval-and-compile
(defun oni:loadpath-add-and-autoload (path)
"Add PATH to `load-path' and load a `loaddefs.el' if it exists."
(add-to-list 'load-path path)
(let ((loaddefs (concat path "/loaddefs.el")))
(when (file-exists-p loaddefs)
(load loaddefs)))))
#+END_SRC
After that I add some directories to my =load-path= so I can use these
libraries when wanted. One of these is the ~site-lisp~ directory in my
~.emacs.d~ directory, which is where I keep most of my personal
non-ELPA modules (like module-specific initialization files). There
are also some directories I include in ~vendor-lisp~, which is where I
keep modules that I didn't write myself and, for some reason, can't
or don't want to use ELPA for. Again it is important to realize that
this information is relevant both at run-time and compile-time, so
we wrap it with an =eval-and-compile=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(eval-and-compile
(mapc #'oni:loadpath-add-and-autoload
'("~/.emacs.d/site-lisp"
"~/.emacs.d/vendor-lisp/mozrepl"
"~/.emacs.d/vendor-lisp/eap" "/usr/share/emacs/site-lisp"
"/usr/lib/node_modules/tern/emacs/"
"~/.emacs.d/vendor-lisp/habitrpg.el")))
#+END_SRC
* Some unconditional settings
Here are some settings that either need to be changed before certain
modules load, or that don't belong in any specific module.
** Gnus init file
I put my gnus initialization file right where I put all my
module-specific initialization files. Gnus is special, though: It
loads the file every time you start it. That keeps it from using a
simple =(eval-after-load 'gnus '(load "gnus-init"))=.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar gnus-init-file)
(setq gnus-init-file "~/.emacs.d/site-lisp/gnus-init")
#+END_SRC
** Turn off bidirectional text
To speed things up a little, and because I have no contacts at all
(so far) who use right-to-left text, there is no reason for me to
use bidirectional text. For this reason I tell Emacs to always use
left-to-right by default, instead of checking each paragraph.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default bidi-paragraph-direction 'left-to-right)
#+END_SRC
** Don't use tabs
There is a war going on out there. Actually there are several, but
the one I'm talking about here is the one about tabs vs. spaces. I
have been deeply entrenched in the spaces camp for quite a while.
Indentation always gets screwy for me if I don't use the exact same
=tab-width= everyone else uses. I just like the consistency of using
spaces.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default indent-tabs-mode nil)
#+END_SRC
** Use four spaces for indentation
I once, long ago, started out with using eight spaces for each
level of indentation. Although I think, technically, I was using
tabs. This means that even just 3 levels of indentation take up a
/huge/ amount of space that can't be used for anything else. Since I
also try to limit the length of the lines in my code, this can make
for very little code per line.
I also tried (and enjoyed) two spaces, but after a while, looking
at bigger files, I noticed that it all becomes a blur. Two spaces
is not a big-enough visual difference to make code read nicely, in
my opinion.
So far, I have quite enjoyed four spaces for most code[fn:8].
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default tab-width 4)
#+END_SRC
** Keep the message buffer from growing too large
Keep at most one-thousand messages in the ~*Messages*~ buffer. I can
leave my Emacs session running for quite long times, sometimes
days, at a time. If there are a lot of messages it can get a little
tricky to manage/search.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq message-log-max 1000)
#+END_SRC
** Don't start =elnode= when Emacs starts
Elnode is an awesome project and I'm still looking for a moment
where I have the inspiration and time to actually do something with
it. I started at some point, but then I couldn't get the cookies to
work and I switched over to using Common Lisp, only to eventually
stop developing the project because there was not chance of it
seeing any use in the foreseeable future.
There is one little annoyance, though, and that is the fact that
elnode will start itself up when Emacs starts. I don't want that.
This bit of code can't be put in an =eval-after-load= or anything
like that because by the time it would be evaluated, elnode would
already have started.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar elnode-do-init)
(setq elnode-do-init nil)
#+END_SRC
* Show python package name instead of file name
When working with python, knowing which package I'm in usually tells
me more about what I'm doing than the file name, especially when
working with django where almost every app will have a ~tests.py~ and
a ~models.py~. Of course =uniquify= fixes this pretty well too, though
in this case, it's less cool (imo).
First we define two functions that help us determine the package
name of the current file and the parent package name of the current
file. Finally we define a third function which determines the full
package name of the current buffer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun oni:python--get-current-module-name ()
"Get the name of the current python module.
This is very simply just the filename of the current buffer with
the extension and pyath removed."
(file-name-sans-extension
(file-name-nondirectory (buffer-file-name))))
(defun oni:python--get-parent-module-name (&optional dir)
"This gets the currend file's parent module.
This function recursively gathers the parent package name of
either DIR or the current buffer's file name. Any directory where
an `__init__.py' file is found is considered to be a package.
This function returns either the parent package, with its
parents, or nil if the current directory isn't a python
package.."
(let* ((base (directory-file-name
(file-name-directory (or dir (buffer-file-name)))))
(package (file-name-nondirectory base)))
(if (file-exists-p (concat base "/__init__.py"))
(let ((parent (oni:python--get-parent-module-name base)))
(if parent
(concat parent "." package)
package))
nil)))
(defun oni:python-package-name ()
(let ((current-module (oni:python--get-current-module-name)))
(if (file-exists-p "__init__.py")
(concat (oni:python--get-parent-module-name)
"." current-module)
current-module)))
#+END_SRC
After all this we make Emacs show the package name rather than the
file name in the mode-line.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun oni:python-package-buffer-identification ()
"Have `mode-line-buffer-identification' show the python package name."
(setq mode-line-buffer-identification
'(:eval (oni:python-package-name))))
(add-hook 'python-mode-hook #'oni:python-package-buffer-identification)
#+END_SRC
* Add some known symbols for .conkerorrc/init.js to js2-mode
Conkeror has a lot of functions, and I don't like seeing them all as
unknowns. So add them to known symbols.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar js2-additional-externs)
(defun oni:js2-add-conkeror-symbols ()
"Add known/used conkeror symbols to additional externs."
(when (string-suffix-p ".conkerorrc/init.js" (buffer-file-name))
(setq js2-additional-externs
'( ;; Functions
"add_hook" "check_buffer" "co_return" "content_buffer"
"define_browser_object_class" "define_key" "define_webjump"
"dumpln" "get_current_profile" "get_home_directory"
"get_recent_conkeror_window"
"hints_minibuffer_annotation_mode" "interactive" "load_spec"
"load_spec_uri_string" "load_url_in_new_buffer" "make_file"
"make_uri" "mode_line_adder"
"open_download_buffer_automatically" "prefix_completer"
"read_browser_object" "register_user_stylesheet"
"remove_hook" "require" "send_http_request" "session_pref"
"shell_command_blind" "theme_load"
;; Variables
"Cc" "Ci" "browser_object_history_url" "browser_object_links"
"buffer_count_widget" "buffer_icon_widget" "content_buffer"
"content_buffer_form_keymap" "content_buffer_normal_keymap"
"content_buffer_text_keymap" "content_policy_accept"
"content_policy_bytype" "content_policy_reject" "cwd"
"default_base_keymap" "default_global_keymap"
"downloads_status_widget" "external_content_handlers"
"hint_digits" "load_paths" "read_buffer_show_icons"
"read_url_handler_list" "session_auto_save_auto_load"
"theme_load_paths" "title_format_fn" "url_remoting_fn"
;; Keyword argument
"$alternative" "$browser_object" "$completer" "$completions"
"$initial_value" "$options" "$prompt" "$sort_order"
"$use_bookmarks" "$use_history" "$use_webjumps"))))
(add-hook 'js2-init-hook #'oni:js2-add-conkeror-symbols)
#+END_SRC
* Teach eww about <code> tags
Strangely enough, ~eww~ doesn't seem to be aware of =<code>= HTML tags.
Luckily it's trivial to teach it. It does know about =<pre>= HTML
tags, and basically I just want =<code>= tags to be treated almost as
=<pre>= tags, so to do that we just have to define a =shr-tag-code=
function. I've copied the =shr-tag-pre= function and removed the calls
to =ensure-newline=, because =<code>= tags are inline tags.
In order to remain a little future-proof, it should only be done if
it doesn't already exist.
*Note:* See my [[Vacuous defvar][note]] on vacuous defvar for this use of =defvar=.
*Note:* See my [[Function declarations][note]] on function declarations about the use of
=declare-function=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar shr-folding-mode)
(declare-function shr-indent "shr")
(declare-function shr-generic "shr")
(with-eval-after-load 'shr
(unless (fboundp 'shr-tag-code)
(defun shr-tag-code (cont)
(let ((shr-folding-mode 'none))
(shr-indent)
(shr-generic cont)))))
#+END_SRC
* Use scheme-mode for scsh interpreted files
Set the major mode for files interpreted by scsh (for example, by
having ~#!/usr/local/bin/scsh~ at the top) to use =scheme-mode=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-to-list 'interpreter-mode-alist '("scsh" . scheme-mode))
#+END_SRC
* Set default scheme implementation
Set the default implementation for geiser to guile so it doesn't ask
which implementation to use every time.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar geiser-default-implementation)
(with-eval-after-load 'geiser
(setq geiser-default-implementation 'guile))
#+END_SRC
* Setup eww-lnum
As recommended in the [[https://github.com/m00natic/eww-lnum][README]], set the keys in the =eww-mode-map=.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar eww-mode-map)
(with-eval-after-load 'eww
(define-key eww-mode-map "f" 'eww-lnum-follow)
(define-key eww-mode-map "F" 'eww-lnum-universal))
#+END_SRC
* Don't compile scss files
By default =scss-mode= tries compiling a file each time it's saved. I
don't have SCSS properly installed globally so this always fails,
highly annoying.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar scss-compile-at-save)
(with-eval-after-load 'scss-mode
(setq scss-compile-at-save nil))
#+END_SRC
* Change listings in dired
The number of bytes a file is doesn't usually tell me much when it's
something like ~292837~. I prefer seeing just how many Kb or Mb a
certain file is. I also don't need to see the ~.~ and ~..~ directories
when I insert directories into the current dired buffer, as there is
a great chance that the current and parent directory are already
shown in the buffer.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar dired-subdir-switches)
(with-eval-after-load 'dired
(setq dired-listing-switches "-alh"
dired-subdir-switches "-Alh"))
#+END_SRC
* Useful functions
During your editing in Emacs you will undoubtedly find the need to
define your own editing functions or macros. Here are mine.
** Delete the contents of the string at point
First we define the function. It was inspired by [[http://www.masteringemacs.org/][Mickey's post on
swapping quote symbols]], mostly copied even. First we check if we
are even in a string, and if not we throw an error, after that we
move back to the beginning of the string, store that point, go to
the end of the string (using =forward-sexp=) and then delete the
region between the two points (non-inclusive).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun oni:delete-string-contents ()
(interactive)
(unless (in-string-p)
(error "You must be in a string for this command to work"))
(save-excursion
(while (in-string-p) (forward-char -1))
(let ((bos (point)))
(forward-sexp)
(delete-region (1+ bos) (1- (point))))))
#+END_SRC
Since for interactive functions it's kind of a pain to have to use
a personal "namespace" I prefer naming them regularly as if they're
just part of the environment. If ever Emacs comes up with a similar
function with the same name, I'd prefer using the built-in version.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(unless (fboundp 'delete-string-contents)
(defalias 'delete-string-contents 'oni:delete-string-contents))
#+END_SRC
Lastly, any function worth using often should probably be easily
accessible with a keybinding. In my case the {{{key(C-c i s)}}} is
inspired by the Vim keybindings like {{{key(ci")}}}.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(global-set-key (kbd "C-c i s") 'delete-string-contents)
#+END_SRC
* Show eldoc when evaluating expressions
Thanks to [[http://endlessparentheses.com/sweet-new-features-in-24-4.html][this post]] it was brought to my attention that eldoc mode
can be enabled when evaluating expressions using {{{key(M-:)}}}.
I vaguely remember having had this before, I just don't know how or
why it stopped working.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'eval-expression-minibuffer-setup-hook #'eldoc-mode)
#+END_SRC
* Remove whitespace when closing delimiters
In =electric-pair-mode=, skip over and delete white space if it stands
between the cursor and the closing delimiter.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq electric-pair-skip-whitespace 'chomp)
#+END_SRC
* Reject SSL/TLS certificates that don't check out
You just can't trust the internet. And I'd prefer to know if
something goes wrong.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar gnutls-verify-error)
(setq gnutls-verify-error t)
#+END_SRC
* Programming
Emacs is a real programmer's editor, especially so because it's so
programmable itself. It also offers modes for a lot of programming
languages and 3rd-party packages offer even more.
** SCSS
- Enable auto-completion
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function auto-complete-mode "auto-complete")
(add-hook 'scss-mode-hook #'auto-complete-mode)
#+END_SRC
- Enable imenu
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function scss-imenu-setup "scss-imenu")
(add-hook 'scss-mode-hook #'scss-imenu-setup)
#+END_SRC
** Haml
- Check syntax on the fly
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function flycheck-mode "flycheck")
(add-hook 'haml-mode-hook #'flycheck-mode)
#+END_SRC
** Ruby
- Enable flycheck
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook #'flycheck-mode)
#+END_SRC
- Align chained method calls
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar ruby-align-chained-calls)
(setq ruby-align-chained-calls t)
#+END_SRC
** PHP
*** Show tabs and spaces in indent
I'm working with some WordPress plugins nowadays and their style
guide insists on using tabs, not spaces... I'd like to know that
I'm following this rule.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'php-mode-hook #'oni:whitespace-only-tabs)
#+END_SRC
*** Use web-mode for HTML-heavy files
I have to work with a lot of PHP and HTML interspersed. This makes
a difficult case since ~php-mode~ very deliberately doesn't support
that very well. On the other hand I really don't like ~web-mode~ for
PHP /without/ any HTML in it. So I decided to name the files that
contain mostly HTML with some PHP ~.html.php~ and have them load
~web-mode~ instead of ~php-mode~, whilst keeping the association for
plain ~.php~ files as it is.
Something tricky about doing this is that if this setting gets
evaluated /before/ ~php-mode~ is loaded it'll be further down the list
from ~php-mode~'s definition. This would cause the ~php-mode~ auto
mode definition from being accepted first (since ~.html.php~ also
matches ~.php~) and consequently render this definition useless.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(oni:eval-after-init
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.html\\.php$" . web-mode)))
#+END_SRC
** Web
~web-mode~ has some quirks, such as not being able to handle the
fact that ~fci-mode~ puts a red line at the 80-column margin. This is
annoying to say the least.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(declare-function fci-mode "fci-mode")
(add-hook 'web-mode-hook (turn-off fci-mode))
#+END_SRC
Just like in ~php-mode~ I want to see the tabs.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'web-mode-hook #'oni:whitespace-only-tabs)
#+END_SRC
Set =indent-tabs-mode= for ~web-mode~ as well.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defvar web-mode-code-indent-offset)
(defvar web-mode-markup-indent-offset)
(add-hook 'web-mode-hook
(change-settings indent-tabs-mode t
web-mode-code-indent-offset 4
web-mode-markup-indent-offset 4))
#+END_SRC
Use it for ~.html.erb~ files.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(oni:eval-after-init
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.html\\.erb$" . web-mode)))
#+END_SRC
** PO mode
Autoload =po-mode=, because it didn't come with an autloads file or
cookie.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(autoload 'po-mode "po-mode" nil t)
#+END_SRC
Automatically enable =po-mode= for files that end in =.po= or that have
a =.po= extension followed by others (such as =.po.erb=).
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.po\\'\\|\\.po\\." . po-mode))
#+END_SRC
* Minor modes
Emacs offers a lot of minor modes and even more can be found in the
ELPA, MELPA and Marmalade repositories. These offer a lot of
customization possibilities and added features.
** Electric indent
Automatically indenting code upon typing certain characters can be
very useful for certain modes where the indentation level can
easily be determined. One of the first things I liked about Emacs
was the way the {{{key(TAB)}}} key worked: It indents to the
"proper" level of indentation, instead of adding a tab character.
It quickly grew into a habit to press tab several times when
editing a line or a block of code. Electric indent is just an
extension of this that, for the most part, allows me to forget
about pressing tab.
It doesn't fit all modes though. When I worked in Python a lot I
was fighting the electric indent a lot more than it was helping me.
This is because instead of scope influencing indentation as in most
languages I've worked with, indentation determines scope in Python,
as anyone who's looked at it for more than a minute or two will
know. This means that any line can usually have several "proper"
indentation levels, depending on the meaning of meaning of that
line.
So, almost all modes use =electric-indent-local-mode=, but a few
don't. So I'm also very happy that recently this mode was added,
because =electric-indent-mode= is a global minor mode and I only want
to use it in some 99% of the available modes.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'css-mode-hook #'electric-indent-local-mode)
(add-hook 'js2-mode-hook #'electric-indent-local-mode)
(add-hook 'php-mode-hook #'electric-indent-local-mode)
(add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook #'electric-indent-local-mode)
(add-hook 'scss-mode-hook #'electric-indent-local-mode)
#+END_SRC
*** Switch keys back
When =electric-indent-mode= is enabled the default function bound to
{{{key(C-j)}}} (=electric-newline-and-maybe-indent=) stops indenting
after adding a newline, whilst {{{key(RET)}}} starts doing it.
Since I use {{{key(C-j)}}} almost exclusively and don't use
{{{key(RET)}}} at all, it's really not useful to me. So I want to
switch the two when =electric-indent-mode= is enabled.
This is very simple. First I define a simple function that checks
if the =electric-indent-mode= variable is set (which it should be if
the mode is turned on) and if so I set the proper keys /locally/. If
=electric-indent-mode= is /not/ set, which happens when the mode is
turned off, I remove the local keybindings.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(defun oni:switch-newline-keys ()
"Switch the `C-j' and `RET' keys in the local buffer."
(if electric-indent-mode
(progn
(local-set-key (kbd "C-j") 'newline)
(local-set-key (kbd "RET") 'electric-newline-and-maybe-indent))
(local-unset-key (kbd "C-j"))
(local-unset-key (kbd "RET"))))
#+END_SRC
And then I add it to the electric indent mode's hook.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'electric-indent-local-mode-hook #'oni:switch-newline-keys)
#+END_SRC
** Electric pairing
Electric pairing of delimiters is one of those features that is
just so essential to my feeling comfortable with an editor. Most of
the time I don't even use it, really. It's just that I'm so used to
having it and when I /do/ expect it to be there it is so frustrating
when it's not, or when it doesn't work properly.
This functionality, much like [[Electric indent]] isn't something I
want enabled in all modes, though for different reasons, and for a
time there was only the global =electric-pair-mode=. Again I'm very
happy that a local version was added.
The reason that I don't want it enabled for all modes is that some
modes (mostly Lisp-like language modes) have better alternatives.
But most non-Lisp-like language modes I really do need to have it.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'c-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'coffee-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'css-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'haml-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'java-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'js2-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'lua-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'python-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
(add-hook 'scss-mode-hook #'electric-pair-local-mode)
#+END_SRC
** Auto completion
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(depends-on "auto-complete")
#+END_SRC
I'm not a great fan of any type of auto completion functionality in
programming. I think it's basically only good for getting really
long names in your file faster. I started programming in C#, in
Visual Studio, and they have their very powerful Intellisense
mechanism, which I used a lot. What I noticed though was that it
was keeping me from learning the APIs. Whenever I wrote some code,
all but the most basic and most-used calls I wrote from memory.
Many others were done after a few seconds of browsing through the
Intellisense pop-up.
Because of this, I disable the normal auto-complete pop-up.
#+NAME: auto-complete-dont-show
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq ac-auto-show-menu nil)
#+END_SRC
On the rare occasion that I do call up the pop-up to see what the
completions I have available to me are, I don't want it to show the
quick help. The quick help usually shows up as a big extra pop-up
next to the completion list and it gets very messy when combined
with some other modes that add overlays to the buffer.
#+NAME: auto-complete-no-quickhelp
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq ac-use-quick-help nil)
#+END_SRC
To keep the byte-compiler from complaining about undefined
variables, I only want this to be done after =auto-complete= is
loaded, not sooner.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(stante-after auto-complete
<<auto-complete-dont-show>>
<<auto-complete-no-quickhelp>>)
#+END_SRC
** Highlight indentation
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(depends-on "hl-indent")
#+END_SRC
Some languages base their ideas of scope on levels of indentation.
When these languages get long functions/branches it can get tricky
to see where these blocks end. Of course if you have such large
functions you might have other problems, but this is sometimes out
of your hands. To help, I use =hl-indent-mode=.
For other languages it might look fun for a little while as well,
but since they don't care about indentation as much it can
sometimes get messy.
First, =hl-indent-mode= doesn't have an =;;;###autoload= cookie for its
main entry-point, so I add it manually:
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(autoload 'hl-indent-mode "hl-indent" nil t)
#+END_SRC
Then I enable it for the languages I want.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(add-hook 'python-mode-hook #'hl-indent-mode)
(add-hook 'yaml-mode-hook #'hl-indent-mode)
(add-hook 'haml-mode-hook #'hl-indent-mode)
#+END_SRC
* Use Conkeror to browse URLs
Use the generic browse-url function to open URLs in Conkeror.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(stante-after browse-url
(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-generic)
(setq browse-url-generic-program "conkeror"))
#+END_SRC
* Magit
Recently Magit gained the annoying habit of producing a /huge/ warning
message whenever you don't tell it that you've already seen it. To
tell it you've already seen the message you need to specify the
following.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(eval-and-compile
(defvar magit-last-seen-setup-instructions "1.4.0"))
#+END_SRC
I use a =defvar= here in order to keep the byte-compiler from
complaining about an undefined variable. It needs to be specified
before magit is loaded otherwise magit will keep complaining.
** Project directory
I keep all my projects in =~/projects/=, so Magit shouldn't have to
look anywhere else.
#+NAME: magit-repo-dirs
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq magit-repo-dirs '("~/projects/"))
#+END_SRC
** Show fine differences
I like to see all the little differences in diffs that I can. They
really help reading diffs. I also just want to see them on all
diffs and not the selected one, which would make an unnecessary
amount of navigation required to properly read the diffs.
#+NAME: magit-diff-refine-hunk
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq magit-diff-refine-hunk 'all)
#+END_SRC
** Don't revert all the buffers
I'd never noticed it much before, but lately magit's habit of
reverting all the buffers after almost every action I perform has
become disturbingly slow. I personally don't rely on that
functionality being either off or on, so turning it off shouldn't
bother me too much.
#+NAME: magit-auto-revert-mode
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :tangle no
(setq magit-auto-revert-mode nil)
#+END_SRC
** Delay setting
The settings in the previous sections should only be set after
Magit has loaded.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp :noweb yes
(stante-after magit
<<magit-repo-dirs>>
<<magit-diff-refine-hunk>>
<<magit-auto-revert-mode>>)
#+END_SRC
* Load custom file
I don't really use the Emacs customization interface much, but I
have used it as a kind-of persistent datastore, specifically for
desktop-registry[fn:9]. I do very much like the idea of it, it's a
very cool thing to have. I also use ~custom.el~ for storing some
things that I really can't store in a public viewing location like
this file or the git repository it lives in.
#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq custom-file "~/.emacs.d/custom.el")
(load custom-file)
#+END_SRC
* Notes
Here are some random or somewhat general notes about things you may
run into when looking through my Emacs init.
** Vacuous defvar
A =defvar= without a value like =(defvar some-variable)= tells the
byte-compiler that the variable will appear, but doesn't give it a
value. It should only count for the file where it is used and once
the file with the /actual/ =defvar= is loaded it will be populated with
its value, contrary to what would happen if you'd given it a value
before loading its original file.
** Function declarations
The function =declare-function= tells the byte-compiler where to find
a certain function. This keeps the byte-compiler from complaining
about certain functions possibly not being defined at run-time.
* Footnotes
[fn:1] This runs =tmm-menubar=, which lets you navigate the menubar in a
text-driven way. I don't ever use it because I know what all my
favorite functions are called, but it seems a great deal more
efficient than having to click on everything.
[fn:2] https://github.com/sabof/svg-mode-line-themes
[fn:3] It works fine for me with something like jabber chats and the
like.
[fn:4] I like to program in Lisp, parentheses are important to me!
Parentheses should be nice and round, not almost like bars!
[fn:5] https://github.com/belluzj/fantasque-sans
[fn:6] Used to be Cosmic Sans Neue Mono, the name changed because
people misread it as "Comic" (me included, which was the original
reason I checked it out, for laughs) and hate Comic Sans, and also
because there was already a Cosmic Sans font as well, which could
cause confusion.
[fn:7] http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22175214/automatically-switch-language-in-gnus-depending-on-recipient
[fn:8] I still use 2 spaces for some languages, like HTML.
[fn:9] http://code.ryuslash.org/desktop-registry/about/
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