180 lines
6 KiB
Text
180 lines
6 KiB
Text
Viper tutorial #4: Insertion Techniques
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This lesson lasts 5-10 minutes. This tutorial assumes full knowledge
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of tutorial #1, and familiarity with tutorial #2. Lines which begin
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with >>> mark exercises you should try. When you want to exit this
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tutorial type 'Z''Z' .
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SIMPLE INSERTION
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----------------
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You spend most of your time in vi inserting text. As you might expect,
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there are several commands to begin insertion.
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'o' OPEN a line below the cursor
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'O' OPEN a line above the cursor
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'i' INSERT starting before the cursor
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'I' INSERT at the beginning of the line
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'a' APPEND starting after the cursor
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'A' APPEND at the end of the line
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Remember to type ESC to leave insert mode. If you don't have an ESC key
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type C-[ (control [ ).
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ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
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>>> Move the cursor to this line. Type 'O' , enter your name. Press ESC.
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>>> Next type 'o' , enter the date. Press ESC.
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Note that 'O' opens the line above and puts you in insert mode,
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while 'o' opens the line below and also puts you in insert mode.
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>>> Type 'a' on any line above, enter your name. Press ESC. Do the
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>>> same for 'A'.
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>>> Read the following. Your goal is to take the sentence fragment below:
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BROWN FOX OVER THE SEVEN LAZY
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>>> and convert it to
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THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPED OVER THE SEVEN LAZY DOGS.
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>>> To do this type:
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>>> 'I' to insert THE QUICK (then press ESC)
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>>> move the cursor to after the X in FOX
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>>> 'a' to insert JUMPED (then press ESC)
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>>> 'A' to insert DOGS. (then press ESC)
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>>> Now move to the sentence fragment and make the changes outlined above.
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JOINING LINES
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-------------
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Often it is convenient to join two short lines into one line. There
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are several ways to do this. The easiest is the J command. Other
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methods will be explored in tutorial #5.
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'J' JOIN two lines
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>>> Go to the first line in the block below. Type J. Type J again.
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Example: NOW IS THE TIME
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the walrus said
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TO THINK OF MANY THINGS
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In the event that joining lines creates a line which exceeds the width
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of the screen, you can break the line by typing i and pressing RETURN.
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SUBSTITUTING TEXT
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-----------------
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Substituting combines the delete command and the insert command into a
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single step.
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#'s' SUBSTITUTE for # characters
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#'S' SUBSTITUTE for # whole lines
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In order to substitute text you have to know how much text you want to
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delete. Consider the following examples:
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'3''s' SUBSTITUTE the next 3 characters for what will be typed
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'7''s' SUBSTITUTE the next 7 characters for what will be typed
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>>> Change the SAMPLE DEFINITION below. To do this:
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>>> move the cursor to the T in TWO
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>>> type '3's
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>>> type FOUR then press ESC
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SAMPLE DEFINITION: A string quartet is defined to be
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a group of TWO musicians.
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REPLACING TEXT
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--------------
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The 'r' and 'R' commands allow you to directly type over existing text.
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'r' REPLACE character (NO need to press ESC)
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'R' enter over-type mode
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>>> Correct each of the TYPOs on the sample line below. To do this:
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>>> move the cursor to the misspelled character
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>>> type 'r'
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>>> type the correct character
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SAMPLE: maintanence conveniance complience applience dilagent
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>>> Use the over-type command, 'R' , on the sample line above.
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>>> Type 'R' then type the name of a local restaurant. Press ESC.
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CHANGING TEXT
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-------------
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The change command combines insertion, deletion, and the movement
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commands. (Recall that the movement commands were taught in tutorial
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#2.) Change is probably more useful than replace or substitute. The
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general form of the change command is:
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'c'movement CHANGE to where the movement command specifies
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Consider the following examples:
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'c''w' CHANGE to the beginning of the next WORD
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'c''$' CHANGE to the end of the line
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'c'')' CHANGE to the beginning of the next sentence
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'c''t'e CHANGE 'TIL the next e
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'c''3''w' CHANGE the next 3 WORDS
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'c''c' CHANGE a line (cc is a special case of the c command)
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'c''}' CHANGE to the end of the paragraph
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>>> Follow these steps:
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>>> 1. move to the desired location in the practice paragraph below
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>>> 2. type 'c''w' (change to the beginning of the next WORD)
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>>> 3. type your name
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>>> 4. press ESC
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PRACTICE here. Now is the time for all good users to learn the
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editor. The quick red fox jumped over the seven lazy fish. Now
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is the time for all good users to learn the editor. The quick
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brown computer jumped over the seven lazy users. END PRACTICE
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>>> Experiment by using a variety of options for step #2. Try
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>>> out 'c''$' 'c'')' 'c''t'e 'c''3''w' 'c''c' 'c''}' on the practice paragraph above.
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Note that the change command follows the same pattern as the delete
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and yank commands which were explored in tutorial #3.
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SUMMARY
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-------
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'o' OPEN a line below the cursor
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'O' OPEN a line above the cursor
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'i' INSERT starting before the cursor
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'I' INSERT at the beginning of the line
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'a' APPEND starting after the cursor
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'A' APPEND at the end of the line
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ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
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'J' JOIN two lines
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#'s' SUBSTITUTE for # characters
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#'S' SUBSTITUTE for # whole lines
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'r' REPLACE character (NO need to press ESC)
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'R' enter over-type mode
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'c'movement CHANGE to where the movement commands specifies
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(e.g. 'c''3''w' 'c''$' 'c''c' )
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These commands should improve your ability to insert text efficiently.
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The next tutorials deal with advanced commands and tricks which can
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further speed up your editing.
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Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
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