269 lines
9.6 KiB
Text
269 lines
9.6 KiB
Text
Viper tutorial #2: Moving Through Files Efficiently
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This lesson lasts 15-20 minutes. The material taught here is used in
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tutorial #3: Cutting and Pasting. Lines which begin with >>> mark
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exercises you should try. When you want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z'.
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WORDS
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-----
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There are many ways to move from one word to another. Consider these:
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'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD
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'e' Move to the END of the next word
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'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word
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For 'w', 'e', and 'b', a word is delimited by any non-alphanumeric
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character. The capitalized versions, 'W', 'E', and 'B', also move from word
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to word. The difference is that for 'W', 'E', and 'B', a word is delimited
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by any blank space.
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>>> Try out 'w', 'b', 'e', on the lines provided below.
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>>> Next practice using 'B', 'W', 'b', 'E' on the lines provided below.
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EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth.
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EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth.
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ON THE LINE
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-----------
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You can move immediately to any point on the current line.
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'$' Move to the end of the line
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'^' Move to the first non-white character on the line
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'0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero)
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#'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12|
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>>> Experiment with '$' and '^' on the line provided below. Notice
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>>> that '^' moves to the first non-white character, not the beginning.
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This is a PRACTICE LINE. There is white space at the front. END
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'0' (zero) will always take you to the far left edge of the screen.
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#'|' (number vertical-bar) is for moving to an explicit column on a line.
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Just type any number 1-80 and press | . For example: 5| 20| 30|
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Note that you can't move beyond the last column on a line.
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FINDING CHARACTERS
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------------------
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Often you want to move to a specific letter or character on a line.
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'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line
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't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line
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'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line
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'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line
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';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T
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',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T
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'f' and 'F' land on the character. 't' and 'T' land next to the character.
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'f' and 't' move forward, while 'F' and 'T' move backward.
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If the specified character is not on the line, vi will beep.
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>>> Move to the beginning of the line below, and try out these commands:
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>>> 'f'e 'f'E ';' ';' ',' ',' 't'@ 'T'P 't'e 't'E ',' ';' ',' ';'
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"PRACTICE line?" "Each and Every?" "Find thE char@cter and move to it.END
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MATCHING
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--------
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vi has a handy way to determine if (), {}, and [] pairs match up.
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'%' Move to matching () or {} or []
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>>> On the practice lines below, move your cursor over a (,),{,},[, or ].
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>>> Then type '%' .
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[TRY THIS. ((Whether) the pairs match up is the question.) [One]
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pair is incomplete]. Can you tell {which one? ]} END
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WINDOW POSITIONS
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----------------
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You can move the cursor to the top, middle, or bottom of the vi window.
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'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window
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'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window
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'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window
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>>> Try out these commands: type H then M and L and then M again.
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MARKING LOCATIONS
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-----------------
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You can mark positions in the file and return to them.
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'm' char MARK this location and name it char
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''' char (quote character) return to line named char
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'''''' (quote quote) return from last movement
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char can be any lower case letter, a-z. A mark persists until you:
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1) use the same char to mark another location
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or 2) delete the marked line
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>>> Move to this line and type ma to mark it a
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>>> Move to this line and type mb to mark it b
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>>> Move to this line and type mz to mark it z
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>>> Type 'a to return to line a
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>>> Type 'b to return to line b
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>>> Type 'z to return to line z
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Certain commands can move you large distances. These commands cause
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your last position to be remembered in the special mark named ' (quote).
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To move to this special mark, just type '' (quote quote).
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>>> Try this: 'b to return to line b, and then '' to return here.
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GO TO A LINE
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------------
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'G' GO to the last line in the file
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#'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 124G )
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Read these directions carefully:
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>>> Type '1''G' to go to the top of the file, and then '''''' (quote quote)
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>>> to return here.
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>>> Now try 'G' to go to the end of the file, and then '''''' to return here.
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BLOCKS OF TEXT
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--------------
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It is often convenient to move through files jumping from one block of
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text to the next. To do this use braces and parentheses:
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'{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph
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'}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph
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'(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence
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')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence
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>>> Experiment with '}' and '{' on the two paragraphs provided below.
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>>> Note that paragraphs are separated by a blank line.
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EXPERIMENT on this first paragraph. The quick brown fox jumped
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over the seven lazy dogs. The fox must have been very large to
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jump over seven dogs!
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EXPERIMENT on this second paragraph. The quick brown dog
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jumped over the seven lazy foxes. The dog didn't have to be nearly
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as large, since foxes aren't too big.
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>>> Try out ')' and '(' on the two paragraphs provided above.
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>>> Notice that sentences are separated by two blank spaces.
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C programmers find it useful to move by sections, since sections may be
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delimited by a left brace in the first column. By placing the opening
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brace of a C subroutine in the first column, you can move to the top of
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the next subroutine, using '[''[' and ']'']' .
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'[''[' Move to the beginning of a section
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']'']' Move to the end of a section
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Note that if vi does not find a left brace at the far left, it will
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move to the top or bottom of the file.
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>>> Now try ']'']' then ']'']' and '[''[' on the subroutines provided below:
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main()
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{
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helloworld();
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}
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helloworld()
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{
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printf( "Hello world\n" );
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}
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SEARCHING
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---------
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This enables you to jump to the next occurrence of a string in a file.
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To initially find the string use:
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'/'string Find string looking forward
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'?'string Find string looking backward
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To find additional occurrences of the string type:
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'n' Repeat last / or ? command
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'N' Reverse last / or ? command
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vi may search past the bottom of the file and then start again at the top.
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(Or, vi may search past the top and then start again at the bottom.)
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>>> You are going to search for a string, find the next three
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>>> occurrences. Then flip directions and find the string until you
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>>> return to this location. To do this:
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>>> Type '/''t''h''e' then press RETURN.
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>>> Type 'n' three times.
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>>> Type 'N' until you return to this location.
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* EMACS-NOTICE: Emacs has very powerful SEARCH-COMMANDS which you may
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want to use in parallell to those above. One of the first you want
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to try is probably C-s (ISEARCH-FORWARD).
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SUMMARY
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-------
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'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD
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'e' Move to the END of the next word
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'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word
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'$' Move to the end of the line
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'^' Move to the first non-white character on the line
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'0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero)
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#'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12|
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'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line
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't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line
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'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line
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'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line
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';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T
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',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T
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'%' Show matching () or {} or []
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'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window
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'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window
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'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window
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'm' char MARK this location and name it char
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''' char (quote character) return to line named char
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'''''' (quote quote) return from last movement
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'G' GO to the last line in the file
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#'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 175G )
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'{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph
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'}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph
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'(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence
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')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence
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'[''[' Move to the beginning of a section
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']'']' Move to the end of a section
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'/'string Find string looking forward
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'?'string Find string looking backward
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'n' Repeat last / or ? command
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'N' Reverse last / or ? command
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You should now be able to move around files very efficiently. These
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commands are especially useful if you are using vi over a slow modem.
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Practice the material in this lesson for a few days and then take
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either the third vi tutorial to learn how to copy, cut, and paste, or
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the forth vi tutorial to learn additional insertion techniques.
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Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
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