187 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
187 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
Viper tutorial #1: The Basics
|
|
|
|
This lesson lasts 10-15 minutes and teaches simple editing. Lines
|
|
which begin with >>> mark exercises you should try. When you
|
|
want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z' (type capital Z, twice).
|
|
|
|
When you type commands in vi they do not appear on the screen. If the
|
|
letters you type unexpectedly appear on the screen, press the ESC key.
|
|
|
|
|
|
BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT
|
|
---------------------
|
|
To move through the tutorial use C-d (control d) and C-u (control u).
|
|
|
|
C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
|
|
(depress the control key and type d)
|
|
|
|
C-u Move UP one half-screen
|
|
(depress the control key and type u)
|
|
|
|
* EMACS-NOTICE: C-u is normally used in Emacs for UNIVERSAL-ARGUMENT.
|
|
You can in most cases use DIGIT-ARGUMENT instead.
|
|
|
|
>>> Now type C-d (control d) and C-u (control u) to move down and back up.
|
|
|
|
When you are done reading a screen, you are expected to type C-d to move
|
|
down to the next screen. You must remember to type C-d throughout the
|
|
tutorial.
|
|
|
|
To move the cursor line by line, or character by character, use the
|
|
four keys 'h', 'j', 'k', and 'l'.
|
|
|
|
'h' Move left one character
|
|
'j' Move down one line
|
|
'k' Move up one line
|
|
'l' Move right one character
|
|
|
|
You will notice that these keys are in a straight line on the
|
|
keyboard. Study the diagram below showing the function of h, j, k, l.
|
|
|
|
UP
|
|
....... ....... ....... .......
|
|
: : : : : : : :
|
|
LEFT : h : : j : : k : : l : RIGHT
|
|
:.....: :.....: :.....: :.....:
|
|
|
|
DOWN
|
|
|
|
>>> Now type 'j' or 'k' a few times to bring the cursor to this line.
|
|
|
|
>>> Try moving off the right end of a line using 'l' . Notice that
|
|
>>> vi will not allow you to move off the end of the line using 'l' .
|
|
>>> Likewise, you cannot use 'h' and 'l' on a blank line.
|
|
|
|
>>> Try moving past the bottom of the screen using 'j' . Notice how
|
|
>>> how the screen scrolls downward.
|
|
|
|
>>> Now practice using 'k' to move up, and 'h' to move left.
|
|
|
|
|
|
DELETION
|
|
--------
|
|
To delete characters and lines, use 'x' and 'd''d'.
|
|
|
|
'x' X-OUT one character
|
|
'd''d' DELETE one line
|
|
|
|
To undo your changes, use 'u'.
|
|
|
|
'u' UNDO last change only
|
|
|
|
>>> Delete this SCRAP line. Move to this line with 'j' or 'k' , now type 'd''d' .
|
|
>>> Try undoing the deletion with 'u' .
|
|
|
|
>>> Move to this line and x-out the Y's with 'x' : "whY ask whY?"
|
|
|
|
>>> Try undoing the deletion with 'u' . Try typing 'u' several times.
|
|
>>> Notice that 'u' only undoes the last change.
|
|
|
|
* EMACS-NOTICE: In Viper you can use the repeat command '.' (just a dot)
|
|
to undo more changes. This goes in both direction, ie undoing and
|
|
redoing. Typing just 'u' changes direction.
|
|
|
|
Here are more lines on which to practice deleting and undoing (use: 'd''d' 'x' 'u' )
|
|
|
|
Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
|
|
Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
|
|
Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
QUIT COMMANDS
|
|
-------------
|
|
(DO NOT QUIT the tutorial at this time.)
|
|
|
|
To quit a file without saving any changes you have made (for instance,
|
|
with the 'd''d' or 'x' commands) use :q!<RETURN> . To quit and save your
|
|
changes, use 'Z''Z' . When you are editing your own files, you normally
|
|
use 'Z''Z' to quit.
|
|
|
|
:q!<RETURN> QUIT without saving changes
|
|
(type a colon, then the letter q, then an
|
|
exclamation point, and press RETURN)
|
|
|
|
'Z''Z' Exit and save any changes
|
|
(type capital Z, twice)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
INSERTION
|
|
---------
|
|
You enter insert mode with 'i' or 'o' . Anything you type during insert
|
|
mode appears on the screen. When you are done inserting, press ESC
|
|
to exit insert mode. Type C-[ (control [ ), if you do not have an ESC key.
|
|
|
|
'o' OPEN a line for inserting text
|
|
'i' INSERT starting at the cursor
|
|
|
|
ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
|
|
|
|
During insert mode, use your erase character (usually backspace or
|
|
delete) to delete mistakes. The characters you delete will remain on
|
|
the screen until you press ESC.
|
|
|
|
>>> Insert your name and phone number below the next blank line. To do this:
|
|
>>> Open a line below using 'o' .
|
|
>>> Type your first and last name. Press RETURN.
|
|
>>> Then type your phone number and press ESC.
|
|
>>> Use 'x' to erase part of your phone number.
|
|
|
|
>>> Type the date below your phone number. To do this:
|
|
>>> Open another line using 'o' .
|
|
>>> Type the date and press ESC.
|
|
|
|
>>> Type 'u' to undo the insertion.
|
|
|
|
>>> Insert a nickname between your first and last names, using 'i'. To do this:
|
|
>>> Move the cursor to the spot between your names using 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l'.
|
|
>>> Press 'i' .
|
|
>>> Type the nickname, use DELETE or BACKSPACE to erase any typos.
|
|
>>> Then press ESC.
|
|
|
|
On some computers, a line may be longer than the width of the screen.
|
|
This means that a very long line may appear to be two lines on the
|
|
screen. This happens when you keep typing without pressing RETURN at
|
|
the edge of the screen. To avoid any confusion when you're inserting
|
|
text, be sure to press RETURN before reaching the right edge of the
|
|
screen.
|
|
|
|
|
|
SUMMARY
|
|
-------
|
|
These are the vi commands you should know after tutorial #1:
|
|
|
|
C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
|
|
(depress the control key and type d)
|
|
|
|
C-u Move UP one half-screen
|
|
(depress the control key and type u)
|
|
|
|
'h' Move left one character
|
|
'j' Move down one line
|
|
'k' Move up one line
|
|
'l' Move right one character
|
|
|
|
'd''d' DELETE one line
|
|
'x' X-OUT one character
|
|
|
|
'u' UNDO last change
|
|
|
|
:q!<RETURN> QUIT without saving changes
|
|
(type a colon, then the letter q, then an
|
|
exclamation point, and press RETURN)
|
|
|
|
'Z''Z' Exit and save any changes
|
|
(type capital Z, twice)
|
|
|
|
'o' OPEN a line for inserting text
|
|
'i' INSERT starting at the cursor
|
|
|
|
ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
|
|
|
|
|
|
You are now prepared to do simple editing on your own files. Practice
|
|
using vi for a few days. Then take the second vi tutorial to learn
|
|
more powerful and useful vi commands.
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
|