188 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
188 lines
6.4 KiB
Text
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Viper tutorial #1: The Basics
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This lesson lasts 10-15 minutes and teaches simple editing. Lines
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which begin with >>> mark exercises you should try. When you
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want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z' (type capital Z, twice).
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When you type commands in vi they do not appear on the screen. If the
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letters you type unexpectedly appear on the screen, press the ESC key.
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BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT
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---------------------
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To move through the tutorial use C-d (control d) and C-u (control u).
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C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type d)
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C-u Move UP one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type u)
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* EMACS-NOTICE: C-u is normally used in Emacs for UNIVERSAL-ARGUMENT.
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You can in most cases use DIGIT-ARGUMENT instead.
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>>> Now type C-d (control d) and C-u (control u) to move down and back up.
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When you are done reading a screen, you are expected to type C-d to move
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down to the next screen. You must remember to type C-d throughout the
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tutorial.
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To move the cursor line by line, or character by character, use the
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four keys 'h', 'j', 'k', and 'l'.
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'h' Move left one character
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'j' Move down one line
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'k' Move up one line
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'l' Move right one character
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You will notice that these keys are in a straight line on the
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keyboard. Study the diagram below showing the function of h, j, k, l.
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UP
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....... ....... ....... .......
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: : : : : : : :
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LEFT : h : : j : : k : : l : RIGHT
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:.....: :.....: :.....: :.....:
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DOWN
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>>> Now type 'j' or 'k' a few times to bring the cursor to this line.
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>>> Try moving off the right end of a line using 'l' . Notice that
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>>> vi will not allow you to move off the end of the line using 'l' .
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>>> Likewise, you cannot use 'h' and 'l' on a blank line.
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>>> Try moving past the bottom of the screen using 'j' . Notice how
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>>> how the screen scrolls downward.
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>>> Now practice using 'k' to move up, and 'h' to move left.
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DELETION
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--------
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To delete characters and lines, use 'x' and 'd''d'.
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'x' X-OUT one character
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'd''d' DELETE one line
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To undo your changes, use 'u'.
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'u' UNDO last change only
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>>> Delete this SCRAP line. Move to this line with 'j' or 'k' , now type 'd''d' .
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>>> Try undoing the deletion with 'u' .
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>>> Move to this line and x-out the Y's with 'x' : "whY ask whY?"
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>>> Try undoing the deletion with 'u' . Try typing 'u' several times.
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>>> Notice that 'u' only undoes the last change.
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In Viper you can use the repeat command '.' (just a dot)
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to undo more changes. This goes in both direction, ie undoing and
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redoing. Typing just 'u' changes direction.
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Here are more lines on which to practice deleting and undoing (use: 'd''d' 'x' 'u' )
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Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
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Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
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Emacs is a nice creation. Emacs is a nice creation.
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QUIT COMMANDS
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-------------
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(DO NOT QUIT the tutorial at this time.)
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To quit a file without saving any changes you have made (for instance,
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with the 'd''d' or 'x' commands) use :q!<RETURN> . To quit and save your
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changes, use 'Z''Z' . When you are editing your own files, you normally
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use 'Z''Z' to quit.
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:q!<RETURN> QUIT without saving changes
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(type a colon, then the letter q, then an
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exclamation point, and press RETURN)
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'Z''Z' Exit and save any changes
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(type capital Z, twice)
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INSERTION
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---------
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You enter insert mode with 'i' or 'o' . Anything you type during insert
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mode appears on the screen. When you are done inserting, press ESC
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to exit insert mode. Type C-[ (control [ ), if you do not have an ESC key.
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'o' OPEN a line for inserting text
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'i' INSERT starting at the cursor
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ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
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During insert mode, use your erase character (usually backspace or
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delete) to delete mistakes. The characters you delete will remain on
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the screen until you press ESC.
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>>> Insert your name and phone number below the next blank line. To do this:
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>>> Open a line below using 'o' .
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>>> Type your first and last name. Press RETURN.
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>>> Then type your phone number and press ESC.
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>>> Use 'x' to erase part of your phone number.
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>>> Type the date below your phone number. To do this:
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>>> Open another line using 'o' .
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>>> Type the date and press ESC.
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>>> Type 'u' to undo the insertion.
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>>> Insert a nickname between your first and last names, using 'i'. To do this:
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>>> Move the cursor to the spot between your names using 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l'.
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>>> Press 'i' .
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>>> Type the nickname, use DELETE or BACKSPACE to erase any typos.
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>>> Then press ESC.
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On some computers, a line may be longer than the width of the screen.
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This means that a very long line may appear to be two lines on the
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screen. This happens when you keep typing without pressing RETURN at
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the edge of the screen. To avoid any confusion when you're inserting
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text, be sure to press RETURN before reaching the right edge of the
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screen.
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SUMMARY
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-------
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These are the vi commands you should know after tutorial #1:
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C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type d)
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C-u Move UP one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type u)
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'h' Move left one character
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'j' Move down one line
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'k' Move up one line
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'l' Move right one character
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'd''d' DELETE one line
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'x' X-OUT one character
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'u' UNDO last change
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:q!<RETURN> QUIT without saving changes
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(type a colon, then the letter q, then an
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exclamation point, and press RETURN)
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'Z''Z' Exit and save any changes
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(type capital Z, twice)
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'o' OPEN a line for inserting text
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'i' INSERT starting at the cursor
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ESC ESCAPE from insert mode
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You are now prepared to do simple editing on your own files. Practice
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using vi for a few days. Then take the second vi tutorial to learn
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more powerful and useful vi commands.
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Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
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