230 lines
8 KiB
Text
230 lines
8 KiB
Text
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Viper tutorial #5: Tricks and Timesavers
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This lesson lasts 10-15 minutes. You should have a strong
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understanding of tutorials #1-3 before working through these timesaving
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techniques. Lines which begin with >>> mark exercises you should
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try. When you want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z' .
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CASE CONVERSION
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---------------
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When you want to change an upper-case character to a lower-case
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character (or lower-case to upper-case) there is a single command which
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does both:
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'~' (tilde) Convert case of current character
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>>> Move the cursor to be OVER the first character in the example
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>>> line below. Press '~' until you have changed the case of the
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>>> entire line. ( '~' will advance to the right automatically).
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bOB WENT TO pARIS, fRANCE, TO SEE THE #1 CYCLING EVENT. end.
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Note that '~' only affects alphabetic characters.
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UNDOING
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-------
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* EMACS-NOTICE: Uppercase U does the same thing as lowercase u in
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Viper so this part of the tutorial which was about U has been
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removed.
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REPEAT LAST COMMAND
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-------------------
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Often you want to make the same change at multiple locations in the
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file. To help accomplish this, vi remembers your previous action.
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'.' (dot) repeat last change
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>>> Go through the example below changing "FISH" to "TOAD":
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>>> Go to the "F" in the first instance of "FISH"
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>>> To change the word: type 'c''w' then type TOAD then press ESC
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>>> Move the cursor to "F" in the second occurence of "FISH"
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>>> Type '.' (dot)
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>>> Move the cursor to "F" in the final occurence of "FISH"
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>>> Type '.' (dot)
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>>> Now move the cursor to each occurence of "CROW"; Type '.' (dot)
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EXAMPLE: The FISH fed the cat. The CROW fed the cat. Example
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text is FISH to make interesting. The man fed the CROW. The
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worm fed the FISH. Example text is hard to make CROW. END.
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>>> Go through the example above deleting all occurences of "TOAD":
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>>> Move to the beginning of the EXAMPLE paragraph above.
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>>> Type '/''T''O''A''D' and press RETURN (recall tutorial #2)
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>>> Delete the word by typing 'd''w'
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>>> Type 'n' to move to the next occurence of "TOAD"
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>>> Type '.' (dot) to repeat the dw command
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>>> Use 'n''.' to delete the remaining "TOAD"s
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Note that '.' only repeats changes, not cursor movements.
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In Emacs '.' also repeat undo and redo.
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* EMACS-NOTICE: Emacs KEYBOARD-MACROS are very powerful for repeating
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whole sequences of keyboard commands.
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WINDOW ACTIONS
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--------------
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You are already familiar with the C-u (depress the control key and
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type u) and C-d commands from tutorial #1.
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C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
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C-u Move UP one half-screen
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There are several related commands:
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C-f Move FORWARD one full-screen
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C-b Move BACKWARD one full-screen
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C-e Move the window down one line without moving cursor
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C-y Move the window up one line without moving cursor
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The C-e and C-y commands may seem obscure; however, notice that on
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the keyboard, e and y are close to d and u respectively. This
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should help you remember that C-e moves DOWN, and C-y moves UP.
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Recall the 'H' 'M' 'L' (HIGH MIDDLE LOW) window commands from Tutorial 2.
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Consider a scenario where you want to yank from the current line to a
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line near the top of the window. You could use C-e and C-y to
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position the text in the window before you use the yH command.
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The 'z' command also moves the window without moving your cursor:
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'z'<RETURN> Position the current line to top of window
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'z''.' Position the current line to middle of window
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'z''-' Position the current line to bottom of window
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>>> Move to this line. Type 'z' and press RETURN. Notice that
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>>> this text and the cursor have moved to the top of the window.
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>>> Try 'z''-' and 'z''.' also.
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FILE AND DISPLAY CONTROL
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------------------------
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In vi C-g shows the status of the current file, but
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C-g in Emacs in most situation stops what Emacs is doing. To get
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information about the current file you can use C-c C-g instead when
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Viper is in vi state.
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In vi C-l refreshes the screen, but C-l in Emacs calls
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the command recenter.
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SUSPENDING VI
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-------------
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In vi C-z suspends vi. However in Viper C-z is by
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default the VIPER-TOGGLE-KEY. To suspend or iconify Emacs use C-x
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C-z.
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BANG COMMAND
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------------
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* EMACS-NOTICE: Emacs has builtin commands to sort etc.
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The exclamation point, '!' (aka BANG), command allows you to feed text
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to any Unix command. The output of the Unix command replaces the
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original text. Here is a useful Unix command to use from within vi:
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!}fmt Format the paragraph, joining and filling lines to
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produce output lines of up to 72 characters
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>>> Move to the example paragraph below. Type !}fmt and press
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>>> RETURN. Notice the paragraph will be reformatted such that
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>>> the lines are of approximately equal length.
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EXAMPLE:
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So we grow together,
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Like to a double cherry, seeming parted,
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But yet an union in partition;
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Two lovely berries moulded on one stem;
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So, with two seeming bodies, but one heart;
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END.
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Another useful command is:
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!}sort Sort lines of a paragraph alphabetically
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>>> Move to the example text below. Type !}sort and press RETURN.
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OBERON king of the fairies.
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PUCK or Robin Goodfellow.
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HERMIA daughter to Egeus, in love with Lysander.
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HELENA in love with Demetrius.
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LYSANDER in love with Hermia.
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DEMETRIUS in love with Hermia.
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Remember, any Unix command may be used this way.
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SHIFTING TEXT
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-------------
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It is possible to shift large blocks of text right and left with the '>'
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and '<' commands.
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'>'movement Shift right to where the movement command specifies
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'<'movement Shift left to where the movement command specifies
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These commands work like the 'd' command. For example:
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'>''}' Shift right to the end of the paragraph
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'<''}' Shift left to the end of the paragraph
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'>''>' Shift the current line right
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'<''<' Shift the current line left
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>>> Move the cursor to the first line of the paragraph below.
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>>> Type '>''>' and '<''<' to shift the line back and forth. Next
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>>> try '>''}' to shift the paragraph to the right, then '<''}' to shift
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>>> it left, then type '.' until all four lines start at the left edge.
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THIS IS THE FIRST LINE OF EXAMPLE TEXT
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IS
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EXAMPLE
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TEXT END
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SUMMARY
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-------
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'~' (tilde) Convert case of current character
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'U' * EMACS-NOTICE: Same as lowercase u undo in Viper.
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'.' (dot) repeat last change
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C-d Move DOWN one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type d)
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C-u Move UP one half-screen
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(depress the control key and type u)
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C-f Move FORWARD one full-screen
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C-b Move BACKWARD one full-screen
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C-e Move the window down one line without moving cursor
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C-y Move the window up one line without moving cursor
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'z'<RETURN> Position the current line to top of window
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'z''.' Position the current line to middle of window
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'z''-' Position the current line to bottom of window
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C-c C-g Show status of current file
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C-l Recenter
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'!'}fmt Format the paragraph, joining and filling lines to
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produce output lines of up to 72 characters
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'!'}sort Sort lines of a paragraph alphabetically
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'>'movement Shift right to where the movement command specifies
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'<'movement Shift left to where the movement command specifies
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These commands should significantly speed up your editing. Have a nice
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day. Tutorial 6 contains even more nifty commands.
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Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
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