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diff --git a/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving b/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e4148e --- /dev/null +++ b/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +Viper tutorial #2: Moving Through Files Efficiently + +This lesson lasts 15-20 minutes. The material taught here is used in +tutorial #3: Cutting and Pasting. Lines which begin with >>> mark +exercises you should try. When you want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z'. + + +WORDS +----- +There are many ways to move from one word to another. Consider these: + + 'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD + 'e' Move to the END of the next word + 'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word + +For 'w', 'e', and 'b', a word is delimited by any non-alphanumeric +character. The capitalized versions, 'W', 'E', and 'B', also move from word +to word. The difference is that for 'W', 'E', and 'B', a word is delimited +by any blank space. + +>>> Try out 'w', 'b', 'e', on the lines provided below. +>>> Next practice using 'B', 'W', 'b', 'E' on the lines provided below. + + EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth. + EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth. + + +ON THE LINE +----------- +You can move immediately to any point on the current line. + + '$' Move to the end of the line + '^' Move to the first non-white character on the line + + '0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero) + #'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12| + +>>> Experiment with '$' and '^' on the line provided below. Notice +>>> that '^' moves to the first non-white character, not the beginning. + + This is a PRACTICE LINE. There is white space at the front. END + +'0' (zero) will always take you to the far left edge of the screen. + +#'|' (number vertical-bar) is for moving to an explicit column on a line. +Just type any number 1-80 and press | . For example: 5| 20| 30| +Note that you can't move beyond the last column on a line. + + +FINDING CHARACTERS +------------------ +Often you want to move to a specific letter or character on a line. + + 'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line + 't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line + + 'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line + 'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line + + ';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T + ',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T + +'f' and 'F' land on the character. 't' and 'T' land next to the character. +'f' and 't' move forward, while 'F' and 'T' move backward. + +If the specified character is not on the line, vi will beep. + +>>> Move to the beginning of the line below, and try out these commands: +>>> 'f'e 'f'E ';' ';' ',' ',' 't'@ 'T'P 't'e 't'E ',' ';' ',' ';' + + "PRACTICE line?" "Each and Every?" "Find thE char@cter and move to it.END + + +MATCHING +-------- +vi has a handy way to determine if (), {}, and [] pairs match up. + + '%' Move to matching () or {} or [] + +>>> On the practice lines below, move your cursor over a (,),{,},[, or ]. +>>> Then type '%' . + + [TRY THIS. ((Whether) the pairs match up is the question.) [One] + pair is incomplete]. Can you tell {which one? ]} END + + +WINDOW POSITIONS +---------------- +You can move the cursor to the top, middle, or bottom of the vi window. + + 'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window + 'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window + 'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window + +>>> Try out these commands: type H then M and L and then M again. + + +MARKING LOCATIONS +----------------- +You can mark positions in the file and return to them. + + 'm' char MARK this location and name it char + ''' char (quote character) return to line named char + '''''' (quote quote) return from last movement + +char can be any lower case letter, a-z. A mark persists until you: + 1) use the same char to mark another location + or 2) delete the marked line + +>>> Move to this line and type ma to mark it a +>>> Move to this line and type mb to mark it b +>>> Move to this line and type mz to mark it z +>>> Type 'a to return to line a +>>> Type 'b to return to line b +>>> Type 'z to return to line z + +Certain commands can move you large distances. These commands cause +your last position to be remembered in the special mark named ' (quote). +To move to this special mark, just type '' (quote quote). + +>>> Try this: 'b to return to line b, and then '' to return here. + + +GO TO A LINE +------------ + + 'G' GO to the last line in the file + #'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 124G ) + +Read these directions carefully: +>>> Type '1''G' to go to the top of the file, and then '''''' (quote quote) +>>> to return here. +>>> Now try 'G' to go to the end of the file, and then '''''' to return here. + + +BLOCKS OF TEXT +-------------- +It is often convenient to move through files jumping from one block of +text to the next. To do this use braces and parentheses: + + '{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph + '}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph + + '(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence + ')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence + +>>> Experiment with '}' and '{' on the two paragraphs provided below. +>>> Note that paragraphs are separated by a blank line. + + EXPERIMENT on this first paragraph. The quick brown fox jumped + over the seven lazy dogs. The fox must have been very large to + jump over seven dogs! + + EXPERIMENT on this second paragraph. The quick brown dog + jumped over the seven lazy foxes. The dog didn't have to be nearly + as large, since foxes aren't too big. + +>>> Try out ')' and '(' on the two paragraphs provided above. +>>> Notice that sentences are separated by two blank spaces. + +C programmers find it useful to move by sections, since sections may be +delimited by a left brace in the first column. By placing the opening +brace of a C subroutine in the first column, you can move to the top of +the next subroutine, using '[''[' and ']'']' . + + '[''[' Move to the beginning of a section + ']'']' Move to the end of a section + +Note that if vi does not find a left brace at the far left, it will +move to the top or bottom of the file. + +>>> Now try ']'']' then ']'']' and '[''[' on the subroutines provided below: + +main() +{ + helloworld(); +} + +helloworld() +{ + printf( "Hello world\n" ); +} + + +SEARCHING +--------- +This enables you to jump to the next occurrence of a string in a file. +To initially find the string use: + + '/'string Find string looking forward + '?'string Find string looking backward + +To find additional occurrences of the string type: + + 'n' Repeat last / or ? command + 'N' Reverse last / or ? command + +vi may search past the bottom of the file and then start again at the top. +(Or, vi may search past the top and then start again at the bottom.) + +>>> You are going to search for a string, find the next three +>>> occurrences. Then flip directions and find the string until you +>>> return to this location. To do this: +>>> Type '/''t''h''e' then press RETURN. +>>> Type 'n' three times. +>>> Type 'N' until you return to this location. + +* EMACS-NOTICE: Emacs has very powerful SEARCH-COMMANDS which you may + want to use in parallell to those above. One of the first you want + to try is probably C-s (ISEARCH-FORWARD). + + +SUMMARY +------- + + 'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD + 'e' Move to the END of the next word + 'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word + + '$' Move to the end of the line + '^' Move to the first non-white character on the line + + '0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero) + #'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12| + + 'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line + 't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line + + 'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line + 'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line + + ';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T + ',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T + + '%' Show matching () or {} or [] + + 'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window + 'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window + 'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window + + 'm' char MARK this location and name it char + ''' char (quote character) return to line named char + '''''' (quote quote) return from last movement + + 'G' GO to the last line in the file + #'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 175G ) + + '{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph + '}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph + + '(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence + ')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence + + '[''[' Move to the beginning of a section + ']'']' Move to the end of a section + + '/'string Find string looking forward + '?'string Find string looking backward + + 'n' Repeat last / or ? command + 'N' Reverse last / or ? command + +You should now be able to move around files very efficiently. These +commands are especially useful if you are using vi over a slow modem. +Practice the material in this lesson for a few days and then take +either the third vi tutorial to learn how to copy, cut, and paste, or +the forth vi tutorial to learn additional insertion techniques. + +Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved. |