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diff --git a/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving b/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving deleted file mode 100644 index 8e4148e..0000000 --- a/emacs.d/nxhtml/etc/viper-tut/2moving +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -Viper tutorial #2: Moving Through Files Efficiently - -This lesson lasts 15-20 minutes. The material taught here is used in -tutorial #3: Cutting and Pasting. Lines which begin with >>> mark -exercises you should try. When you want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z'. - - -WORDS ------ -There are many ways to move from one word to another. Consider these: - - 'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD - 'e' Move to the END of the next word - 'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word - -For 'w', 'e', and 'b', a word is delimited by any non-alphanumeric -character. The capitalized versions, 'W', 'E', and 'B', also move from word -to word. The difference is that for 'W', 'E', and 'B', a word is delimited -by any blank space. - ->>> Try out 'w', 'b', 'e', on the lines provided below. ->>> Next practice using 'B', 'W', 'b', 'E' on the lines provided below. - - EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth. - EX-PER-IMENT on these lines;test moving back &forth. - - -ON THE LINE ------------ -You can move immediately to any point on the current line. - - '$' Move to the end of the line - '^' Move to the first non-white character on the line - - '0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero) - #'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12| - ->>> Experiment with '$' and '^' on the line provided below. Notice ->>> that '^' moves to the first non-white character, not the beginning. - - This is a PRACTICE LINE. There is white space at the front. END - -'0' (zero) will always take you to the far left edge of the screen. - -#'|' (number vertical-bar) is for moving to an explicit column on a line. -Just type any number 1-80 and press | . For example: 5| 20| 30| -Note that you can't move beyond the last column on a line. - - -FINDING CHARACTERS ------------------- -Often you want to move to a specific letter or character on a line. - - 'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line - 't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line - - 'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line - 'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line - - ';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T - ',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T - -'f' and 'F' land on the character. 't' and 'T' land next to the character. -'f' and 't' move forward, while 'F' and 'T' move backward. - -If the specified character is not on the line, vi will beep. - ->>> Move to the beginning of the line below, and try out these commands: ->>> 'f'e 'f'E ';' ';' ',' ',' 't'@ 'T'P 't'e 't'E ',' ';' ',' ';' - - "PRACTICE line?" "Each and Every?" "Find thE char@cter and move to it.END - - -MATCHING --------- -vi has a handy way to determine if (), {}, and [] pairs match up. - - '%' Move to matching () or {} or [] - ->>> On the practice lines below, move your cursor over a (,),{,},[, or ]. ->>> Then type '%' . - - [TRY THIS. ((Whether) the pairs match up is the question.) [One] - pair is incomplete]. Can you tell {which one? ]} END - - -WINDOW POSITIONS ----------------- -You can move the cursor to the top, middle, or bottom of the vi window. - - 'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window - 'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window - 'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window - ->>> Try out these commands: type H then M and L and then M again. - - -MARKING LOCATIONS ------------------ -You can mark positions in the file and return to them. - - 'm' char MARK this location and name it char - ''' char (quote character) return to line named char - '''''' (quote quote) return from last movement - -char can be any lower case letter, a-z. A mark persists until you: - 1) use the same char to mark another location - or 2) delete the marked line - ->>> Move to this line and type ma to mark it a ->>> Move to this line and type mb to mark it b ->>> Move to this line and type mz to mark it z ->>> Type 'a to return to line a ->>> Type 'b to return to line b ->>> Type 'z to return to line z - -Certain commands can move you large distances. These commands cause -your last position to be remembered in the special mark named ' (quote). -To move to this special mark, just type '' (quote quote). - ->>> Try this: 'b to return to line b, and then '' to return here. - - -GO TO A LINE ------------- - - 'G' GO to the last line in the file - #'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 124G ) - -Read these directions carefully: ->>> Type '1''G' to go to the top of the file, and then '''''' (quote quote) ->>> to return here. ->>> Now try 'G' to go to the end of the file, and then '''''' to return here. - - -BLOCKS OF TEXT --------------- -It is often convenient to move through files jumping from one block of -text to the next. To do this use braces and parentheses: - - '{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph - '}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph - - '(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence - ')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence - ->>> Experiment with '}' and '{' on the two paragraphs provided below. ->>> Note that paragraphs are separated by a blank line. - - EXPERIMENT on this first paragraph. The quick brown fox jumped - over the seven lazy dogs. The fox must have been very large to - jump over seven dogs! - - EXPERIMENT on this second paragraph. The quick brown dog - jumped over the seven lazy foxes. The dog didn't have to be nearly - as large, since foxes aren't too big. - ->>> Try out ')' and '(' on the two paragraphs provided above. ->>> Notice that sentences are separated by two blank spaces. - -C programmers find it useful to move by sections, since sections may be -delimited by a left brace in the first column. By placing the opening -brace of a C subroutine in the first column, you can move to the top of -the next subroutine, using '[''[' and ']'']' . - - '[''[' Move to the beginning of a section - ']'']' Move to the end of a section - -Note that if vi does not find a left brace at the far left, it will -move to the top or bottom of the file. - ->>> Now try ']'']' then ']'']' and '[''[' on the subroutines provided below: - -main() -{ - helloworld(); -} - -helloworld() -{ - printf( "Hello world\n" ); -} - - -SEARCHING ---------- -This enables you to jump to the next occurrence of a string in a file. -To initially find the string use: - - '/'string Find string looking forward - '?'string Find string looking backward - -To find additional occurrences of the string type: - - 'n' Repeat last / or ? command - 'N' Reverse last / or ? command - -vi may search past the bottom of the file and then start again at the top. -(Or, vi may search past the top and then start again at the bottom.) - ->>> You are going to search for a string, find the next three ->>> occurrences. Then flip directions and find the string until you ->>> return to this location. To do this: ->>> Type '/''t''h''e' then press RETURN. ->>> Type 'n' three times. ->>> Type 'N' until you return to this location. - -* EMACS-NOTICE: Emacs has very powerful SEARCH-COMMANDS which you may - want to use in parallell to those above. One of the first you want - to try is probably C-s (ISEARCH-FORWARD). - - -SUMMARY -------- - - 'w' Move to the beginning of the next WORD - 'e' Move to the END of the next word - 'b' Move BACK to the beginning to the previous word - - '$' Move to the end of the line - '^' Move to the first non-white character on the line - - '0' Move to the first column on the line (column zero) - #'|' Move to an exact column on the line (column #) e.g. 5| 12| - - 'f' char FIND the next occurrence of char on the line - 't' char Move 'TIL the next occurrence of char on the line - - 'F' char FIND the previous occurrence of char on the line - 'T' char Move 'TIL the previous occurrence of char on the line - - ';' Repeat the last f, t, F, or T - ',' Reverse the last f, t, F, or T - - '%' Show matching () or {} or [] - - 'H' Move to the HIGHEST position in the window - 'M' Move to the MIDDLE position in the window - 'L' Move to the LOWEST position in the window - - 'm' char MARK this location and name it char - ''' char (quote character) return to line named char - '''''' (quote quote) return from last movement - - 'G' GO to the last line in the file - #'G' GO to line #. (e.g., 3G , 5G , 175G ) - - '{' (left brace) Move to the beginning of a paragraph - '}' (right brace) Move to the end of a paragraph - - '(' (left paren) Move to the beginning of a sentence - ')' (right paren) Move to the beginning of the next sentence - - '[''[' Move to the beginning of a section - ']'']' Move to the end of a section - - '/'string Find string looking forward - '?'string Find string looking backward - - 'n' Repeat last / or ? command - 'N' Reverse last / or ? command - -You should now be able to move around files very efficiently. These -commands are especially useful if you are using vi over a slow modem. -Practice the material in this lesson for a few days and then take -either the third vi tutorial to learn how to copy, cut, and paste, or -the forth vi tutorial to learn additional insertion techniques. - -Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved. |