318 lines
12 KiB
Text
318 lines
12 KiB
Text
Viper tutorial #3: Copying, Cutting, and Pasting
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This lesson lasts 15-20 minutes. This tutorial assumes full knowledge
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of tutorial #1, and familiarity with tutorial #2. Lines which begin
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with >>> mark exercises you should try.
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When you want to exit this tutorial type 'Z''Z' to exit and save your
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changes. Or type :q!<RETURN> to exit without saving changes.
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Remember that typing u will UNDO your last change.
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CUTTING TEXT
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------------
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The delete command can be combined with any of the movement commands
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taught throughout tutorial #2. The resulting command is of the form:
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'd'movement DELETE to where the movement command specifies
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Consider the following examples:
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'd''w' DELETE to the beginning of the next WORD
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'd''$' DELETE to the end of the line
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'd'')' DELETE to the beginning of the next sentence
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'd''t'e DELETE 'TIL the next e
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'd''d' DELETE a line (dd is a special case of the d command)
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>>> Experiment with 'd''w' 'd''$' 'd'')' 'd''t'e 'd''d' on the paragraph provided below:
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PRACTICE here. Now is the time for all good users to learn the
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editor. The quick brown fox jumped over the seven lazy fish. Now
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is the time for all good users to learn the editor. The quick
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brown computer jumped over the seven lazy users. END PRACTICE
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In Viper you can also use 'r' and 'R' for Emacs region and
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Viper line extended region. This is very convenient together with
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CUA-MODE where the region is visible (it is usually called the
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selected text or something similar in other applications).
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PASTING TEXT
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------------
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When text is deleted it is put into a buffer which contains the most
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recently deleted text. To paste the contents of this buffer elsewhere
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in the file use the p or P command.
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'P' (upper p) PUT the contents of the buffer before the cursor
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'p' (lower p) PUT the contents of the buffer after the cursor
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>>> Try this sequence of commands on the practice lines below:
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>>> 'd''d' to delete one line
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>>> 'j' to move down a line
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>>> 'p' (lower p) to PUT the deleted text after the cursor
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>>> '}' to move to the end of the paragraph
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>>> 'P' (upper p) to PUT the deleted text before the cursor
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PRACTICE line. Cut and Paste this line to the bottom of the
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paragraph. Here is some filler, feel free to cut and paste the
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text in this practice region. Remember that u undoes the last
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action. END OF PRACTICE
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>>> Try this sequence of commands at the beginning of a word:
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>>> 'd''w' 'w' 'P'
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The fastest way to swap two letters is to type: 'x''p'
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>>> Use xp to correct the misspelled words below:
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PRACTICE. Thier weird quiet recieved an inconvenient shriek.
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Thier belief is that to recieve grief from nieghbors outwieghs
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all else. Biege skies lead to wierd science. END.
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NUMBERING
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---------
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Consider cutting and pasting 3 words. Based on previous exercises you
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would type 'd''w' , move to the new location, and type 'p' , and repeat
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this procedure twice more. There is an easier way to do this:
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>>> Using the practice lines below, try the following sequence of commands:
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>>> Move to the beginning of the first sentence.
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>>> Type 'd''3''w' to DELETE 3 WORDS.
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>>> Type 'w' to move ahead one WORD.
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>>> Type 'P' (upper p) to PUT the three words before the cursor.
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PRACTICE Numbering vi commands is easy to do. Now is the time for
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all good users to learn the editor. The quick brown fox jumped
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over the seven lazy dogs. Numbering vi commands is easy to do.
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Now is the time for all good users to learn the editor. END PRACTICE
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>>> Type 'd''2''d' to DELETE 2 lines, using the practice paragraph above.
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>>> Move to the top of the paragraph.
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>>> Type 'p' (lower p) to PUT the two lines after of the cursor.
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Numbering also works for movement commands.
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>>> Now try '4''w' to move ahead 4 WORDs, on the lines provided above.
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>>> Then use '3''b' to move BACK 3 words.
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When you type '4''w' THINK "4 words", when you type d4w think "delete 4
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words". In general, we can write
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#movement repeat movement # times
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d#movement DELETE to where the #movement command specifies
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COPYING TEXT
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------------
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The YANK command works just like the DELETE command, except 'y' is used
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instead of 'd' .
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'y'movement YANK to where the movement command specifies
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YANK and DELETE are identical except that YANK only copies the specified
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text into the buffer.
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>>> Try this sequence of commands on the practice lines below:
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>>> 'y''y' to YANK a line (yy is a special case of the y command)
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>>> '3''j' to move down 3 lines
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>>> 'p' (lower p) to PUT the yanked text after the cursor
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PRACTICE line. Copy and Paste this line to the bottom of the
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paragraph. Here is some filler, feel free to copy and paste the
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text in this practice region. Remember that u undoes the last
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action. END OF PRACTICE
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Please note that copy, cutting, and pasting large blocks of text may
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significantly alter the tutorial file. Remember that you can always get
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a new copy of the tutorial file and that u UNDOes your last change.
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Here are some examples which show the similarity between y and d .
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'y''w' YANK to the beginning of the next WORD
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'y''$' YANK to the end of the line
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'y'')' YANK to the beginning of the next sentence
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'y''t'e YANK 'TIL the next e
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'y''y' YANK a line
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Here are some more examples using commands from tutorial #2.
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'y''L' YANK from here to the lowest point of the window
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'y''/'and YANK from here to the word "and"
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'y''2''}' YANK 2 paragraphs
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'y''''a YANK from here to the marked line "a" (mark line first)
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>>> Experiment with 'y''w' 'y''t'e 'y''4''w' 'y''2''}' 'y''3''y' and 'y''$' on the paragraph
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>>> provided below. Copy text AND use 'p' or 'P' to paste it.
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PRACTICE line. Copy and Paste this line to the bottom of the
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paragraph. Here is some filler, feel free to copy and paste
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the text in this practice region. Remember that u undoes the
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last action. END OF PRACTICE
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NUMBERED BUFFERS
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----------------
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In all of the previous pasting exercises you've used the "un-named"
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buffer. The un-named buffer contains the text you most recently cut or
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copied. When you make a new cut or copy, the old contents of the
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un-named buffer are moved to one of the "numbered" buffers. The
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buffers are numbered 1-9. Each time you cut or copy text,
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vi saves your current cut or copy in a buffer #1
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vi saves your 2nd to last cut or copy in a buffer #2
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The cut or copy before that is saved in a buffer #3 ...
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vi saves your 8th oldest cut or copy in a buffer #8
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vi saves your 9th oldest cut or copy in a buffer #9
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Note that buffer #1 is the same as the un-named buffer. Here's how to
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paste from the numbered buffers:
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"#P (upper p) PUT contents of buffer # before the cursor
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"#p (lower p) PUT contents of buffer # after the cursor
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For example:
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"1p PUT buffer 1 after the cursor
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"7p PUT buffer 7 after the cursor
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>>> Delete this 1st line with dd
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>>> Delete this 2nd line with dd
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>>> Delete this 3rd block with d2d
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>>> (2nd half of block 3)
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>>> Delete this 4th block with dd
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>>> Now type "1p "2p "3p "4p
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If you are using vi and have made accidental deletions, just PUT the
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contents of each numbered buffer to recover the deleted text.
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NAMED BUFFERS
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-------------
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vi maintains the un-named and numbered buffers automatically. You can
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maintain your own buffers named a-z. That is, you can cut or copy text
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into buffer x and later paste the text from buffer x.
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'"'aDELETE DELETE text into buffer a
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"aYANK YANK text into buffer a
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"aPUT PUT text from buffer a
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Note, don't actually type 'DELETE', 'YANK', or 'PUT'; type one of the
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DELETE commands, YANK commands, or PUT commands. See the examples below:
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"ad} DELETE paragraph into buffer a
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"by3y YANK 3 lines into buffer b
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"cy200G YANK to line 200 into buffer c
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"dp PUT buffer d after the cursor
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"zP PUT buffer z before the cursor
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The contents of a named buffer are lost if:
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1) you store new text in a buffer with the same name
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or 2) you quit vi (using 'Z''Z' or :q!<RETURN> )
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>>> Delete this START line into buffer a by typing "add
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>>> Paste buffer a by typing "ap
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>>> Delete this INTERMEDIATE line into buffer b by typing "bdd
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>>> Paste buffer b by typing "bp
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To put new material into buffer a
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>>> Delete this FINAL line into buffer a by typing "add
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>>> Paste buffer a by typing "ap
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SAVING WITHOUT QUITTING
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-----------------------
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With ZZ you save changes and kill the current buffer. (In vi you also
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exit with 'Z''Z'.) With :w you can save and not quit vi. It is a safe
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practice to save changes to a file regularly. This reduces re-typing
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in the event your computer crashes.
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:w<RETURN> WRITE contents of the file (without quitting)
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(type a colon, type w , then press the RETURN key)
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>>> Try :w now. Note the message at the bottom of the screen.
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PASTING BETWEEN FILES
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---------------------
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* EMACS-NOTICE: In Emacs there are no problems editing several
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files. You can however do it in the more complicated vi way below if
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you really want to ;-)
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This is an extremely useful procedure in vi. Only one new command is
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required for pasting between files, the EDIT command
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:e filename<RETURN> Begin EDITing the file called "filename"
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The EDIT command allows you to edit another file without quitting vi.
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This is useful since named buffers are lost when you quit vi.
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Let's say you want to copy 6 lines from the file called "3temp" into
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this file which is named "3cutpaste":
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(Note that "3temp" has already been created for you)
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1) WRITE "3cutpaste". vi will not allow :w (press RETURN)
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you to edit another file without first
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saving any changes you've made.
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2) EDIT "3temp" without quitting vi. :e 3temp (press RETURN)
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3) YANK 6 lines from "3temp". "ay6y
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4) Return to "3cutpaste". :e 3cutpaste (press RETURN)
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5) PUT from buffer a "ap
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Note that the un-named and numbered buffers are lost when the EDIT
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command is used. Only named buffers are preserved with EDIT.
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>>> Follow the 5-step procedure outlined above. Don't be concerned
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>>> with remembering all 5 steps, the instructions are repeated in
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>>> "3temp". Paste the text from "3temp" near this line of this file,
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>>> "3cutpaste".
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You can use this 5-step procedure on any two files, with any cutting or
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copying action (here, y6y is the example).
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SUMMARY
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-------
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#movement repeat movement # times
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* EMACS-NOTICE: You may also use 'r' or 'R' in Viper.
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'd'movement DELETE to where "movement" command specifies
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'd'#movement DELETE to where the #movement command specifies
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(e.g. 'd''w' 'd''3''w' )
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'y'movement YANK to where "movement" command specifies
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'y'#movement YANK to where the #movement command specifies
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(e.g. 'y''w' 'y''3''w' )
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'P' (upper p) PUT the contents of the buffer before the cursor
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'p' (lower p) PUT the contents of the buffer after the cursor
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'"'#P (upper p) PUT contents of buffer # before the cursor
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'"'#p (lower p) PUT contents of buffer # after the cursor
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(e.g. '"''2''p' '"''7''P' )
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'"'aDELETE DELETE text into buffer a
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'"'aYANK YANK text into buffer a
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'"'aPUT PUT text from named buffer a
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(Note, don't actually type 'DELETE', 'YANK', or 'PUT';
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type one of the DELETE commands, YANK commands, or PUT
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commands, e.g. '"''a''d''}' '"''b''y''3''y' '"''c''y''2''0''0''G' '"''d''p' '"''z''P' )
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:w<RETURN> WRITE contents of the file (without quitting)
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(type a colon, type w , then press the RETURN key)
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:e filename<RETURN> Begin EDITing the file called "filename"
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You are now prepared to handle all cutting, copying and pasting tasks
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which may arise. If you practice what you've learned you'll find editing
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in vi to be fast and convenient.
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Copyright (c) 1992 Jill Kliger and Wesley Craig. All Rights Reserved.
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